Move-to-Target Task (Whack-a-Mole)

Motor Duration: ~9 minutes
Move-to-Target Task (Whack-a-Mole) screenshot

Description

Rapid pointing task measuring visuomotor coordination and sensorimotor adaptation with axis reversal (default configuration)

About This Test

The PEBL Move-to-Target Task (also known as 'Whack-a-Mole') assesses discrete visuomotor control by requiring participants to rapidly move their cursor to and click on targets that appear at different screen locations. **Task Structure**: On each trial, a circular target appears at a random location on the screen. Participants must move their mouse cursor to the target and click on it as quickly and accurately as possible. Immediately after clicking, a new target appears at a different location. The default configuration includes 30 stimuli per trial across 10 trials (300 total target clicks). **Adaptation Manipulation**: By default, this task includes both horizontal and vertical axis reversal (xtrans=1, ytrans=-1), creating a challenging sensorimotor perturbation where moving the mouse right causes the cursor to move left, and moving down causes the cursor to move up. This tests participants' ability to adapt to novel visuomotor transformations through repeated rapid pointing movements. The axis reversal parameters can be modified to test normal mapping or single-axis reversals. **Trial Structure**: The task runs multiple trials (default 10), allowing observation of sensorimotor adaptation across repeated exposure to the reversed mapping. Each trial consists of multiple rapid pointing movements (default 30 per trial). **Related Task**: For continuous tracking movements with similar axis reversal manipulations, see the Tracking Task. The two tasks complement each other by assessing discrete vs. continuous visuomotor control under perturbation. **Administration Time**: 5-10 minutes depending on number of trials and participant speed **Theoretical Basis**: Discrete pointing tasks like move-to-target assess the rapid planning and execution of goal-directed movements. Axis reversal creates a visuomotor perturbation requiring sensorimotor recalibration through error-based learning. Performance improvements during reversed trials demonstrate adaptive learning mechanisms. **Use Cases**: Visuomotor adaptation research, sensorimotor learning studies, reaction time assessment, motor control evaluation, pointing accuracy measurement, neurological screening.

Test Details

Test ID:
movetotarget
Main File:
movetotarget.pbl
Parameters:
8 configurable parameters
Languages:
German English Spanish French Italian Dutch Portuguese

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Scientific Background

Original Task References:

These references describe the original task that this PEBL implementation is based on.

  • Fitts, P. M. (1954). The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47(6), 381-391.
  • Krakauer, J. W., Pine, Z. M., Ghilardi, M. F., & Ghez, C. (2000). Learning of visuomotor transformations for vectorial planning of reaching trajectories. Journal of Neuroscience, 20(23), 8916-8924.
  • Cunningham, H. A., & Welch, R. B. (1994). Multiple concurrent visual-motor mappings: Implications for models of adaptation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20(5), 987.

Data Output

Output File:
movetotarget-summary-{subnum}.csv
Format:
CSV

Data Columns

Column Name Description
subnum Participant ID
block Block number (typically used when flipx/flipy change across blocks)
flipx Whether horizontal axis was reversed this block (0=normal, 1=reversed)
flipy Whether vertical axis was reversed this block (0=normal, 1=reversed)
mean_rt Mean reaction time in milliseconds (time from target appearance to first movement)
median_rt Median reaction time in milliseconds
sd_rt Standard deviation of reaction times
mean_movement_time Mean movement time in milliseconds (time from first movement to click)
mean_distance Mean distance traveled by cursor in pixels (path length, not direct distance)
mean_accuracy Proportion of successful target hits (clicks within target boundary)
trials_completed Number of trials completed in this block

Scoring and Interpretation

Primary DVs are mean_rt (reaction time) and mean_movement_time. Faster times indicate better performance. Mean_distance indicates movement efficiency - shorter paths suggest more direct movements. For adaptation studies, compare RT and movement_time across normal vs. reversed blocks. Adaptation is demonstrated by decreasing RT/movement_time across reversed trials. Aftereffects (errors when returning to normal mapping) confirm adaptation occurred. Trial-by-trial data enables learning curve analysis.

Example Data

example-data-summary.csv Summary

Summary data with block-level performance metrics

subnumtrialstepstartxstartyxtransytranslabeltargxtargydisttimeouthitrt
example0189526111normal1139710511.016200011937
example02112472211normal932493298.839200011017
example0394249811normal665356311.276200011163
example0466637211normal684656284.5720001996
example0569266911normal703357312.19420001784
example0671037411normal880599282.00220001966
example0787060011normal787884295.88200011071
example0878587811normal978653296.43520001936
example0998464711normal1184435291.45220001585

View full file (331 rows) →

example-data-pts.csv

High-frequency point-by-point movement data (~2.3 MB per subject)

subnumtrialstepxtransytranslabelstartxstartytimexposypossteptargxtargydisttimeouthit
example0111normal8952611122289526111139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611123389526121139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611124489526131139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611125589526141139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611126689526151139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611127789526161139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611128889526171139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611129989526181139710511.01620000
example0111normal8952611131089526191139710511.01620000

View full file (30845 rows) →

Sample data showing typical output format. Actual values will vary by participant.

About This Test

Rapid pointing task measuring visuomotor coordination and sensorimotor adaptation with axis reversal (default configuration)

Category: Motor
Estimated Duration: 9 minutes
Available Translations: 7 languages

Documentation Sources:
Test implementation, Parameter schema

Documentation Status: Complete